Chemija

Measurement of The Concentrations of Radon Gas and Effective Dose of Euphrates River in The Hindia District of Karbala Governorate, Iraq

2023-06-15T09:38:29+00:00

In this study, thirty water samples were taken from the Euphrates river with differnet distances to measure the Radon gas concentrations in the water of Euphrates river located in the middle of Hindia city, Iraq. The distance between each sample is 100m. The samples were measured using RAD7 divice manufactured by DURRIDGE Company. After assembling the components of RADH2O and connecting it with the RAD7 monitor, the test begins with the purging step, and after 10 min of purging and reaching the humidity of less than 10%, the test is started by choosing a test start from the screen of RAD7 monitor. The results show that there are different concentrations of Radon gas ranged between (0Bq\m³) for sample (W9) to (0.2Bq\m³) for sample (W27) and the effective dose ranged from 0mSv/m³ for the sample (W9) and sample (W16) to the 0.01310715mSv/m³ for the sample (W17) and therefore, the concentration of Radon gas is high in some locations. This study shows that the concentration of Radon gas one high in the site ( 0.2Bq\m³). We concluded that the average Radon concentration of water is the highest because the soil of river contains an amount of radium that is come from a naturally occurring radioactive element uranium-238. The results of Radon gas are within with the allowed levels recommended by (WHO).

Laboratory experimental study on EOR mechanism of polymeric surfactant

2023-12-04T01:42:34+00:00

Polymeric surfactant of oil production has been use for more than 10 years since the reagent development, it could meet the need of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) in older oilfields. Polymeric surfactant is the matter grafted on polymer molecular chain with special function group. Through inter-molecular interaction and intra-molecular interaction, polymeric surfactant can realize the functions of emulsifying, viscosity increasing, oil washing, etc. Laboratory study show that poly-surfactant’s EOR is over 18% than water flooding. In this paper, the physical and chemical properties of polymeric surfactant was checked by laboratory test. The poly-surfactant agent has higher viscosity increasing property. Its displacement effect is best when core effective permeability over 400mD, the viscosity is between 40 and 70mpa.s, and the water-out rate of emulsion is between 30% and 70%. The viscosity of poly-surfactant is higher, which increases the oil sweep area and the recovery efficiency, and residual oil after poly-surfactant flood is less than water flooded obviously. A large area of residual oil was drew and cut into a large fluid droplet during poly-surfactant flooding. It can provide a technical support for greatly EOR in thin and poor reservoirs in terrestrial multi-layered sandstone reservoir.

CTNNB1 mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications in Clinical and Prognosis

2023-03-28T20:37:41+00:00

Abstract

Backgrounds: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers of human with a high fatality. In recent years, researchers had verified that WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway impacted the clinicopathological and prognosis of patients with HCC. The CTNNB1 is an important factor in WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, no consensus was obtained on the clinical and prognosis significance of CTNNB1 mutation for HCCs.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed. Eligible studies and relevant data were obtained. The correlation between CTNNB1 mutation and the clinical/prognosis of HCC patients were evaluated. A fixed- or random- effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:17 studies matched the selection criteria and a total of 1828 patients were included. This meta-analysis demonstrated that HCC patients with CTNNB1 mutation had a favorable clinicopathological and survival. The combined ORs of 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival were0.52(n = 6 studies, 95% CI: 0.34–0.81, Z = 2.89, P =0.004, 0.28 (n =6 studies, 95% CI: 0.18–0.42, Z = 6.03, P﹤0.00001), -0.22(n = 6 studies, 95% CI: 0.37–0.06, Z = 2.78, P = 0.005), respectively. Additionally,CTNNB1 mutation might be significantly associated with differentiation (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.81, Z = 2.98, P = 0.003), TMN stages (OR = -0.25, 95% CI:-0.33–-0.18, Z = 6.60, P﹤0.00001), liver cirrhosis(OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11–0.39, Z = 4.94, P﹤0.00001), HBV infection(OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.31–0.64, Z = 4.37, P﹤0.0001), but not with tumor size, metastasis, vascular invasion and HCV infection.

Conclusions: CTNNB1 mutation significantly associated with favorable clinical and survival of HCC patients, and may serve as a valuable prognostic predictor.

Breast Cancer Prediction Making use of Supervised Learning Machine Learning Techniques

2023-08-30T07:04:56+00:00

According to recent data, breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Every year it kills almost 900,000 individuals, however, early identification can help minimize breast cancer mortality rates. This work offers a review that illustrates the novel applications of machine learning and deep learning technologies for detecting and classifying breast cancer and provides an overview of progress in this area. It first provides an overview of the many approaches to machine learning, then an overview of the different deep learning algorithms and specialized architectures for detecting and classifying breast cancer. Furthermore, we also investigate the performance of various algorithms such as support vector machine, logistic regression, artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and long short-term memory in detecting the fatal disease. The performances of these approaches are evaluated using certain metrics, i.e., accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score. The recurrent neural network outperformed the remaining algorithms in terms of accuracy (83%), precision (77%), and F1-Score (68%). However, artificial neural network’s recalls (66%) was higher than support vector machine and logistic regression, convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, and long short-term memory.

Natural radioactivity levels and gas radon concentrations in agricultural soil in some Al-Heidrya district area, Al-Najaf, Iraq

2023-06-15T10:15:05+00:00

The study aimed to evaluate the health hazards associated with natural radioactivity and radon concentrations in the agricultural soil samples. Twenty samples of agricultural soil from Al-Heidrya districts in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq were collected and masure for their natural radioactivity levels by using a NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometer system with a "3x3" crystal. Additionally, the agricultural soil radon gas concentration was determined by using CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD). The results showed that the average specific activity of were found as follows: The range of was found of 5.42910.502 Bq/kg to 73.9031.769 Bq/kg with an average 34.791.188 Bq/kg, from 8.87520.298 Bq/kg to 15.1180.374 Bq/kg with an average 12.2050.336 Bq/kg, from 603.4265.905 Bq/kg to 922.1677.037 Bq/kg with an average 699.9756.216.766 Bq/kg, and was found in the range of 0.25±0.023 Bq/kg to 3.406±0.078 Bq/kg with an average 1.604±0.059 Bq/kg.